Climate Change and Future Marine Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity

Marine and transitional ecosystems provide fundamental climate regulation, food provisioning and cultural services.
FutureMARES provides socially and economically viable nature-based solutions (NBS) for climate change (CC)
adaptation and mitigation to safeguard these ecosystems’ natural capital, biodiversity and services. The program
advances understanding of the links between species and community traits, ecological functions and ecosystem
services as impacted by CC by analysing the best available data from monitoring programs and conducting targeted
experiments and beyond state-of-the-art modelling. Ensemble physical-biogeochemical projections will identify CC
hotspots and refugia. Shifts in the distribution and productivity of keystone, structural and endangered species and
the consequences for biodiversity will be projected within different CC-NBS scenarios to reveal potential ecological
benefits, feedbacks and trade-offs. Novel, social-ecological vulnerability assessments will rank the severity of
CC impacts on various ecosystem services and dependent human communities. Complementary analyses at realworld
demonstration sites will inform managers and policy-makers on the economic costs and tradeoffs of NBS.
These physical, ecological, social and economic analyses will be integrated to develop three, climate-ready NBS: i)
restoration of habitat-forming species acting as ‘climate rescuers’ buffering coastal habitats from negative CC effects,
improving seawater quality, and sequestering carbon, ii) conservation actions explicitly considering the range of
impacts of CC and other hazards on habitat suitability for biota to preserve the integrity of food webs (e.g. marine
protected areas) and protect endangered species (e.g. charismatic megafauna), and iii) sustainable, ecosystem-based
harvesting (capture and culture) of seafood. FutureMARES is co-developed with policy-makers and managers to
ensure impactful and transformative cost-effective actions.